Journals › Tropical Agricultural Research
Formulation of Cookies Incorporated with Duckweed Powder and Evaluation of Its Physicochemical, Nutritional, Functional, Microbial, and Sensory Properties
Tropical Agricultural Research 37(2): 90–109 · 2026
https://doi.org/10.4038/tar.v37i2.8981
Abstract
Duckweed, a largely underexploited aquatic plant from the family Lemnaceae, is notable for its high protein content, encompassing all essential amino acids, and its abundance of micronutrients. This study explored the feasibility of incorporating duckweed powder into cookie formulations. Based on preliminary investigations, Lemna perpusilla and Spirodela polyrhiza were selected for the production of duckweed powder, which was subsequently assessed for its physicochemical, nutritional, and functional characteristics. Four cookie formulations were then prepared by substituting wheat flour with duckweed powder at levels of 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%, alongside a control sample composed entirely of wheat flour. Sensory evaluation was performed using a 9-point hedonic test with 40 semi-trained panelists and identified the most preferred cookie, which was further assessed. According to proximate analysis, the selected cookie showed significant differences (p
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