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Optimized Micropropagation of Rosa indica L. via BAP–IAA Synergy and Hormone-Free Rooting

Farooque Ghulam iD, Arfa

Tropical Agricultural Research 37(3): 193–200 · 2026

https://doi.org/10.4038/tar.v37i3.9019

Abstract

Conventional propagation of Rosa indica L. through stem cuttings is limited by low rooting efficiency and seasonal dependence, restricting large-scale production. This study aimed to develop a simplified and cost-effective micropropagation protocol by optimizing cytokinin–auxin interactions for shoot multiplication, assessing the need for exogenous auxins during rooting, quantifying multiplication efficiency and examining In vitro flowering. Single-node explants from field-grown clonal mother plants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with combinations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and auxins. The experiment followed a completely randomized design (CRD) (n = 60 per treatment) and data were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD at p

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